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Robert Fisk: We should mourn these desert staging posts
Saturday, 24 July 2010
Independent/UK
So what, readers, is a "caravanserai"? In Persian (or Dari), it is
"karvansara", in Turkish, "keravandaray" - yes, from which we get our
"caravan" - and it is an inn (or "pub" as we might call it) and I am
inspired this week to praise the "caravanserai" because it is where we
all met in the age before steamships and aircraft. Buddhist, Jew,
Muslim, Christian, we would all meet there.
Usually, their outer walls were made of black and white marble. There
is a caravanserai just south of my home in Beirut, at Saaderat, south
of Khalde, much splattered with machine-gun holes, but clearly the
last stop on the road to Beirut, the last secure resting-place for
camels and horses before you reached the "Bourj", the great Ottoman
gate to the second city of Syria (before the French cut it in half).
I have a great love of the caravanserai of Diyabakir in Turkey. Of
this town, it was said by a British consul that "the walls of the city
are black, the dogs are black and the hearts of its people are black".
I do not agree with the British consul. I was arrested there by the
Turkish police in 1991 for "defaming" the Turkish army.
I had written - accurately - that the Turkish army had stolen blankets
and food from Kurdish Christian refugees fleeing Saddam Hussein's
army. This was true. The Turkish police arrested me. And the chief
inspector of Diyabakir (noting my book on the Armenian genocide in my
bag and realising that I knew the truth about the 20th century's first
Holocaust, treated me with great respect).
"You are not my prisoner," he said. "You are my guest."
Well, up to a point, inspector. In fact, he had to ask the manager of
the Caravanserai Hotel - a Kurd - to translate, since he did not speak
English and I did not speak Turkish. This resulted in a weird
conversation in which he could not ask the questions he wanted and I
could not give the replies he didn't want about the Armenian genocide
and the Turkish army.
It ended up with me telling the inspector that my father regarded
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as a titan, but that I could not understand why
Ataturk's soldiers should have so betrayed his memory as to have
stolen food and clothes from refugees. At this point, the inspector
put his arm round my shoulder and insisted that the local Turkish
newspaper reporter took a picture of us to show what good friends we
were.
I was taken by the cops (who had black coshes in their hands, by the
way, so don't think they were all nice guys) back to the Caravanserai
Hotel where I had to flush my Armenian contacts book down the loo
while a policeman stared through the keyhole of the lavatory before
being put on a plane back to Istanbul with a detective who had never
travelled by air before and whom I had to tell, en route, that he
would arrive safely.
But the hotel in Diyabakir really was a caravanserai. Its entrance was
wide enough for camels or horses. It was lined with black and white
marble. It was a fortress for travellers, a place of rest and comfort.
So now I move to my friend Tom Schutyser, a Belgian madman who is
obsessed (rightly) by caravanserai. He has taken the most magnificent
black and white photographs of these airports of the desert, voyaging
down the Silk Road from Iran through central Asia (Uzbekistan,
Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan) to China. As he writes in his beautiful
booklet to accompany his images, "In northern Iran, these silent,
solemn ruins of caravanserais languished in eerie, desolate,
motionless, desert winter landscapes. They are a reminder of the
prosperous eras of the Silk Road along which trade, inventions,
diplomacy, religions and culture were exchanged between China, the
Western world, the Middle East and Central Asia."
There were thousands of these caravanserais, staging posts across the
known world, accommodating, as Schutyser says, traders, pilgrims and
travellers. They were for commerce and for multicultural meetings.
Some caravanserais had their own translators so that Persians and
Indians and Arabs (and Brits, too, of course) could speak to each
other.
In Jordan, in Iran, here in Lebanon, I come across these places of
peace and solitude and happiness, usually in ruins. And oh, if only we
could re-create their world. What airport today will give you a
translator? What railway station will tell you what your fellow
traveller is saying? Some caravanserais had libraries - books - in
which a tired family could read of their fellow guests. How we should
miss these places.
From: A. Papazian
Saturday, 24 July 2010
Independent/UK
So what, readers, is a "caravanserai"? In Persian (or Dari), it is
"karvansara", in Turkish, "keravandaray" - yes, from which we get our
"caravan" - and it is an inn (or "pub" as we might call it) and I am
inspired this week to praise the "caravanserai" because it is where we
all met in the age before steamships and aircraft. Buddhist, Jew,
Muslim, Christian, we would all meet there.
Usually, their outer walls were made of black and white marble. There
is a caravanserai just south of my home in Beirut, at Saaderat, south
of Khalde, much splattered with machine-gun holes, but clearly the
last stop on the road to Beirut, the last secure resting-place for
camels and horses before you reached the "Bourj", the great Ottoman
gate to the second city of Syria (before the French cut it in half).
I have a great love of the caravanserai of Diyabakir in Turkey. Of
this town, it was said by a British consul that "the walls of the city
are black, the dogs are black and the hearts of its people are black".
I do not agree with the British consul. I was arrested there by the
Turkish police in 1991 for "defaming" the Turkish army.
I had written - accurately - that the Turkish army had stolen blankets
and food from Kurdish Christian refugees fleeing Saddam Hussein's
army. This was true. The Turkish police arrested me. And the chief
inspector of Diyabakir (noting my book on the Armenian genocide in my
bag and realising that I knew the truth about the 20th century's first
Holocaust, treated me with great respect).
"You are not my prisoner," he said. "You are my guest."
Well, up to a point, inspector. In fact, he had to ask the manager of
the Caravanserai Hotel - a Kurd - to translate, since he did not speak
English and I did not speak Turkish. This resulted in a weird
conversation in which he could not ask the questions he wanted and I
could not give the replies he didn't want about the Armenian genocide
and the Turkish army.
It ended up with me telling the inspector that my father regarded
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as a titan, but that I could not understand why
Ataturk's soldiers should have so betrayed his memory as to have
stolen food and clothes from refugees. At this point, the inspector
put his arm round my shoulder and insisted that the local Turkish
newspaper reporter took a picture of us to show what good friends we
were.
I was taken by the cops (who had black coshes in their hands, by the
way, so don't think they were all nice guys) back to the Caravanserai
Hotel where I had to flush my Armenian contacts book down the loo
while a policeman stared through the keyhole of the lavatory before
being put on a plane back to Istanbul with a detective who had never
travelled by air before and whom I had to tell, en route, that he
would arrive safely.
But the hotel in Diyabakir really was a caravanserai. Its entrance was
wide enough for camels or horses. It was lined with black and white
marble. It was a fortress for travellers, a place of rest and comfort.
So now I move to my friend Tom Schutyser, a Belgian madman who is
obsessed (rightly) by caravanserai. He has taken the most magnificent
black and white photographs of these airports of the desert, voyaging
down the Silk Road from Iran through central Asia (Uzbekistan,
Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan) to China. As he writes in his beautiful
booklet to accompany his images, "In northern Iran, these silent,
solemn ruins of caravanserais languished in eerie, desolate,
motionless, desert winter landscapes. They are a reminder of the
prosperous eras of the Silk Road along which trade, inventions,
diplomacy, religions and culture were exchanged between China, the
Western world, the Middle East and Central Asia."
There were thousands of these caravanserais, staging posts across the
known world, accommodating, as Schutyser says, traders, pilgrims and
travellers. They were for commerce and for multicultural meetings.
Some caravanserais had their own translators so that Persians and
Indians and Arabs (and Brits, too, of course) could speak to each
other.
In Jordan, in Iran, here in Lebanon, I come across these places of
peace and solitude and happiness, usually in ruins. And oh, if only we
could re-create their world. What airport today will give you a
translator? What railway station will tell you what your fellow
traveller is saying? Some caravanserais had libraries - books - in
which a tired family could read of their fellow guests. How we should
miss these places.
From: A. Papazian