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Turkish nuclear plans on Mediterranean raise fears
SELCAN HACAOGLU
Published: 04-02-2011
ANKARA, Turkey (AP) - Turkey plans to build a coastal nuclear power
plant close to an earthquake-prone area, dismissing neighbors' fears
that Japan's nuclear disaster shows that the new plant could be a risk
to the whole Mediterranean region.
Greece and Cyprus say the move is a gamble that could cause catastrophe
and want the European Union to scrutinize the EU candidate's plan in a
debate fraught with political and historical baggage. Turkish officials
insist the plant is safe and necessary to keep the country's strong
economy going.
The EU is reassessing the whole 27-nation bloc's energy policy and
questioning the role of nuclear power on a continent where no one can
forget that Ukraine's 1986 Chernobyl disaster spewed radiation for
thousands of miles (kilometers).
But Turkey is standing firmly by plans to build three nuclear power
plants in the years ahead - including one at Akkuyu on the Mediterranean
coast, close to the Ecemis Fault, which an expert says could possibly
generate a magnitude-7 quake.
Greece is staunchly opposed to the plant - calling out its historic
rival at an EU summit at which the bloc agreed to checks on its 143
reactors.
"Nuclear power for us is not an option because we are in a highly
seismically active region," Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou said
in Brussels last week. "The EU will ask for stress tests to be carried
out at existing and planned facilities in neighboring countries - and we
stressed the fact that Turkey is planning to build a nuclear site at
Akkuyu."
France has several plants not far from the Mediterranean, Turkey's
neighbors Armenia and Bulgaria already have them, and several countries
around the sea have announced ambitions to build ones. Turkey's plan,
however, is drawing particular attention because of its temblors.
Akkuyu is 60 miles (100 kilometers) north of the island of Cyprus, which
has been divided between ethnic Greeks and Turks since 1974, when Turkey
invaded. Turkey says the 1,200-megawatt Russian pressurized water
reactor, the VVER-1200 - a new model yet to be operated anywhere in the
world - will be quake-proof and meets the highest nuclear safety
standards.
Turkey has already signed a deal with Russia's Rosatom agency for the
plant's construction, which has yet to begin, and hopes the completed
facility will start producing electricity in seven years.
"We are in an effort to realize everything in a plan with all security
measures," Prime Minister Tayyip Recep Erdogan said. "Turkey is becoming
more powerful in industry and technology day by day. It is obvious that
it will be in great need of power."
Erdogan has repeatedly downplayed risks at nuclear power plants since a
magnitude-9 quake off Japan's northeastern coast triggered a March 11
tsunami that crippled the cooling systems of the Fukushima Dai-ichi
nuclear plant. The plant has been spewing radioactivity ever since and
officials admitted Saturday that highly radioactive water was leaking
into the sea.
Erdogan says all investments have risks. "In that case, let's not bring
gas canisters to our homes, let's not install natural gas, let's not
stream crude oil through our country," he said a few days after the
Fukushima accident.
"I wonder whether those who oppose nuclear energy do not use computers
or watch television because of the radiation risk?" he added.
So far no country has reached a conclusion on the safety requirements
for nuclear plants following the Fukushima accident, according to Mujid
S. Kazimi, director of the Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
"But the lesson from Fukushima is not only to withstand strong
earthquakes, but also to prevent loss of electric power systems needed
for decay heat removal," Kazimi said in an email. "What is more
important is to ensure that the complete loss of electric power will be
avoided under the most severe expected external events."
Turkish Energy Minister Taner Yildiz says the high-end technology used
in the construction of the Akkuyu plant will make it safer than
Fukushima, which began operating in 1971. At Fukushima, nuclear
engineers scrambled to prevent a total and simultaneous reactor meltdown
at three reactors while dealing with overheating fuel rods in a damaged
storage pool at a fourth reactor.
"I would not say 'yes' to anything that I was not comfortable about,"
Yildiz said.
But many in Turkey remember how Chernobyl contamination hurt the vital
export of tea and hazelnuts and forced Turkish leaders to assure a
worried public, drinking cups of tea daily in front of cameras to show
it was not contaminated.
The nuclear standoff comes against a background of territorial disputes
between Greece and Turkey, including in Cyprus. Activists have protested
Turkey's nuclear plans at home and in Cyprus. Hundreds of protesters
have marched in Istanbul, holding banners that read: "Don't let Akkuyu
become Fukushima."
Greek President Karolos Papoulias joined the chorus last week, saying
"the irrational insistence of Turkey to build a nuclear plant in a
highly seismic region" endangers the safety of everyone in the region
and "must be answered directly."
Cyprus President Dimitris Christofias said Cyprus, Greece and other
southern European countries have raised the issue at the European
Council.
"Mr. Erdogan must strictly get the message that earthquake-prone areas
are not in the least appropriate to develop such projects," Christofias
said.
But, fears of a strong earthquake near the nuclear power plant may be
exaggerated, one expert said.
"It is possible, but with low probability," said professor Mustafa Erdik
of the Istanbul-based Kandilli Quake Research Institute and Observatory,
who has studied the fault line near the plant. "I don't think there will
be any problem regarding the location and quake-design of the nuclear
plant."
Erdik said, however, there was need for further scientific study since
he last examined the site in 1987.
"Ecemis is an active fault zone. Its southward extension and distance
from site is disputed and needs further evaluation," Erdik said. "It
could possibly generate a magnitude-7 earthquake."
Turkey is also holding talks with Japanese companies for a second plant
near the Black Sea coastal town of Sinop, 50 miles (80 kilometers) north
of the North Anatolian Fault, which generated two powerful earthquakes
that killed 18,000 people in western Turkey in 1999. Activists have also
protested the selection of Sinop but with no immediate progress in that
project, the spotlight is focused on Akkuyu.
Erdik said there was also "uncertainty" about the seismic activity near
the proposed Sinop site.
Turkey has not disclosed the possible location of the third nuclear
plant yet.
___
Associated Press Writers Derek Gatopoulos in Athens, Suzan Fraser in
Ankara and Menelaos Hadjicostis in Cyprus, contributed to this report.
From: A. Papazian
Turkish nuclear plans on Mediterranean raise fears
SELCAN HACAOGLU
Published: 04-02-2011
ANKARA, Turkey (AP) - Turkey plans to build a coastal nuclear power
plant close to an earthquake-prone area, dismissing neighbors' fears
that Japan's nuclear disaster shows that the new plant could be a risk
to the whole Mediterranean region.
Greece and Cyprus say the move is a gamble that could cause catastrophe
and want the European Union to scrutinize the EU candidate's plan in a
debate fraught with political and historical baggage. Turkish officials
insist the plant is safe and necessary to keep the country's strong
economy going.
The EU is reassessing the whole 27-nation bloc's energy policy and
questioning the role of nuclear power on a continent where no one can
forget that Ukraine's 1986 Chernobyl disaster spewed radiation for
thousands of miles (kilometers).
But Turkey is standing firmly by plans to build three nuclear power
plants in the years ahead - including one at Akkuyu on the Mediterranean
coast, close to the Ecemis Fault, which an expert says could possibly
generate a magnitude-7 quake.
Greece is staunchly opposed to the plant - calling out its historic
rival at an EU summit at which the bloc agreed to checks on its 143
reactors.
"Nuclear power for us is not an option because we are in a highly
seismically active region," Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou said
in Brussels last week. "The EU will ask for stress tests to be carried
out at existing and planned facilities in neighboring countries - and we
stressed the fact that Turkey is planning to build a nuclear site at
Akkuyu."
France has several plants not far from the Mediterranean, Turkey's
neighbors Armenia and Bulgaria already have them, and several countries
around the sea have announced ambitions to build ones. Turkey's plan,
however, is drawing particular attention because of its temblors.
Akkuyu is 60 miles (100 kilometers) north of the island of Cyprus, which
has been divided between ethnic Greeks and Turks since 1974, when Turkey
invaded. Turkey says the 1,200-megawatt Russian pressurized water
reactor, the VVER-1200 - a new model yet to be operated anywhere in the
world - will be quake-proof and meets the highest nuclear safety
standards.
Turkey has already signed a deal with Russia's Rosatom agency for the
plant's construction, which has yet to begin, and hopes the completed
facility will start producing electricity in seven years.
"We are in an effort to realize everything in a plan with all security
measures," Prime Minister Tayyip Recep Erdogan said. "Turkey is becoming
more powerful in industry and technology day by day. It is obvious that
it will be in great need of power."
Erdogan has repeatedly downplayed risks at nuclear power plants since a
magnitude-9 quake off Japan's northeastern coast triggered a March 11
tsunami that crippled the cooling systems of the Fukushima Dai-ichi
nuclear plant. The plant has been spewing radioactivity ever since and
officials admitted Saturday that highly radioactive water was leaking
into the sea.
Erdogan says all investments have risks. "In that case, let's not bring
gas canisters to our homes, let's not install natural gas, let's not
stream crude oil through our country," he said a few days after the
Fukushima accident.
"I wonder whether those who oppose nuclear energy do not use computers
or watch television because of the radiation risk?" he added.
So far no country has reached a conclusion on the safety requirements
for nuclear plants following the Fukushima accident, according to Mujid
S. Kazimi, director of the Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
"But the lesson from Fukushima is not only to withstand strong
earthquakes, but also to prevent loss of electric power systems needed
for decay heat removal," Kazimi said in an email. "What is more
important is to ensure that the complete loss of electric power will be
avoided under the most severe expected external events."
Turkish Energy Minister Taner Yildiz says the high-end technology used
in the construction of the Akkuyu plant will make it safer than
Fukushima, which began operating in 1971. At Fukushima, nuclear
engineers scrambled to prevent a total and simultaneous reactor meltdown
at three reactors while dealing with overheating fuel rods in a damaged
storage pool at a fourth reactor.
"I would not say 'yes' to anything that I was not comfortable about,"
Yildiz said.
But many in Turkey remember how Chernobyl contamination hurt the vital
export of tea and hazelnuts and forced Turkish leaders to assure a
worried public, drinking cups of tea daily in front of cameras to show
it was not contaminated.
The nuclear standoff comes against a background of territorial disputes
between Greece and Turkey, including in Cyprus. Activists have protested
Turkey's nuclear plans at home and in Cyprus. Hundreds of protesters
have marched in Istanbul, holding banners that read: "Don't let Akkuyu
become Fukushima."
Greek President Karolos Papoulias joined the chorus last week, saying
"the irrational insistence of Turkey to build a nuclear plant in a
highly seismic region" endangers the safety of everyone in the region
and "must be answered directly."
Cyprus President Dimitris Christofias said Cyprus, Greece and other
southern European countries have raised the issue at the European
Council.
"Mr. Erdogan must strictly get the message that earthquake-prone areas
are not in the least appropriate to develop such projects," Christofias
said.
But, fears of a strong earthquake near the nuclear power plant may be
exaggerated, one expert said.
"It is possible, but with low probability," said professor Mustafa Erdik
of the Istanbul-based Kandilli Quake Research Institute and Observatory,
who has studied the fault line near the plant. "I don't think there will
be any problem regarding the location and quake-design of the nuclear
plant."
Erdik said, however, there was need for further scientific study since
he last examined the site in 1987.
"Ecemis is an active fault zone. Its southward extension and distance
from site is disputed and needs further evaluation," Erdik said. "It
could possibly generate a magnitude-7 earthquake."
Turkey is also holding talks with Japanese companies for a second plant
near the Black Sea coastal town of Sinop, 50 miles (80 kilometers) north
of the North Anatolian Fault, which generated two powerful earthquakes
that killed 18,000 people in western Turkey in 1999. Activists have also
protested the selection of Sinop but with no immediate progress in that
project, the spotlight is focused on Akkuyu.
Erdik said there was also "uncertainty" about the seismic activity near
the proposed Sinop site.
Turkey has not disclosed the possible location of the third nuclear
plant yet.
___
Associated Press Writers Derek Gatopoulos in Athens, Suzan Fraser in
Ankara and Menelaos Hadjicostis in Cyprus, contributed to this report.
From: A. Papazian