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TURKISH JOURNALISTS ARE VERY FRIGHTENED - BUT WE MUST FIGHT THIS INTIMIDATION
Ece Temelkuran
guardian.co.uk
Friday 27 January 2012 18.33 GMT
A journalist's murder and jailing of two others is an attempt to
silence the media - but it makes me more determined to speak
Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was gunned down outside his
office in Istanbul. Photograph: Mustafa Ozer/AFP/Getty
Including my emotionless "thank you", the phone conversation lasted
less than a minute. "The newspaper's owner has decided... Er... not
to...
renew your contract... I am sorry."
I had already been warned about writing "too much" about two arrested
journalists, and my last two articles - one on the prime minister's
war on journalists, and the other on the rights of the Kurdish people -
were considered controversial. So the conversation was not unexpected.
But then came the readers' uproar on Twitter. Some of my fellow
columnists too protested about the political motives behind my firing -
while government supporters said: "She deserved it!" .
It took me several days to see the bigger picture. But when I did I
realised it was all connected to three lost colleagues: one dead and
two imprisoned and a story that started five years ago.
On 19 January 2007 the Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was shot dead in
broad daylight in front of his office in Istanbul. A man who was just
17 years old at the time of the killing was found guilty of his murder
five years later. Yet from day one it was obvious to those who know the
history of assassinations in Turkey that this was a political killing.
The murder occurred just two days before I was supposed to meet Hrant
to discuss a book he wanted me to write about the Armenian diaspora.
Instead, I raced to the scene and found myself standing outside his
offices in a pool of his blood.
Afterwards I felt deeply guilty for taking the death threats against
him too lightly, making me more determined to write Deep Mountain -
the book he asked for. I didn't know it then, but among the 100,000
people who marched at Hrant's funeral, there were also two others
eager to dedicate their work to him: my friends and colleagues Nedim
Sener and Ahmet Sık.
During the next four years articles in the newspaper Milliyet pointed
to the police's negligence in the case, the intelligence service
concealing evidence, and the fact government departments knew in
advance of a murder plot against Dink.
Yet soon it was the author of these reports, Nedim Sener, who was
arrested. The arrest came three months after publishing his book
The Red Friday - Who broke Dink's Pen?, which brought together his
findings on Dink's case and linked the murderers with the state.
Reporter Ahmet Sık, meanwhile, did not even have time to publish his
book on the same subject before he was arrested, on the same day -
March 3 2011.
Both men have now been in jail for 11 months and are accused of being
members of a terrorist organisation that might have killed Dink. This
is Ergenekon, a clandestine organisation supposedly consisting of
retired generals, journalists and politicians who are said to have
planned a string of high profile assassinations to create chaos and
lay the ground for a military coup.
The indictment in court said their years of journalistic work were
just a cover to hide their real terrorist identity. Open threats
from the prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, against journalists
who continued to cover news about their arrested colleagues led to
protests against their arrests gradually fading away before Nedim
and Ahmet's first hearing months after they were imprisoned.
But on 27 December, despite fearing arrest, Turkey's brave journalists
started tweeting from the trial. The weak evidence made it clear
any one of us reporters could also be arrested and accused of
terrorism; because all that linked Ahmet, Nedim and the Ergenekon
organisation was an infected Word document in their computers, casual
phone conversations and interviews that they carried out for their
respective books. The indictment was so ridiculous that it caused
constant laughter in the court room.
Before their last hearing of 23 January, five years after his murder,
there was a verdict in Dink's case. The court refused to acknowledge
the obvious links between the murderers and the state, leading to a
30,000-person strong demonstration. Three days later, Nedim, during
his defence statement, made it clear he believed he was being kept
in prison as part of the attempt to conceal evidence in Dink's case,
saying: "Actually it is good that I am still in prison when Hrant's
verdict is delivered." Not to mention the government's promotion of
all the officers who have alleged ties with the murder.
Ahmet, an expert on paramilitary organisations, had written a book,
Army of Imam, exploring how the intelligence service had been
infiltrated by the Fethullah Gulen movement - a moderate Islamist
network. "As a socialist," he said in his defence statement, "I find
it condescending to be accused of being a member of militarist,
nationalist terrorist network, Ergenekon." For the fifth time,
Ahmet and Nedim will be forced to defend themselves in court as the
case continues.
The inquiries for Ergenekon started five years ago, and despite
thousands being arrested and imprisoned no verdict has been reached.
According to freedom of speech advocates, the Ergenekon case, along
with the KCK case - against the civil organisation linked to the armed
Kurdish movement PKK - has become a handy tool for the government to
harass the opposition.
Both use an infamous anti-terrorism law to get rid of government
opponents. And a few days before Hrant's verdict the minister of the
interior, Idris Naim Sahin, said: "Terror is a multifaceted phenomenon
that includes psychology and art ... Sometimes it is on canvas,
sometimes in a poem, in daily articles, or even jokes. We know that
terrorist cells might include a university chair, an association or
a NGO."
Thanks to this mentality, Turkey is now ranked the 148th of 179 in
Reporters Without Border's press freedom index - just a bit above
Afghanistan and slipping down constantly. More importantly the silent
fear among journalists is impossible to put into numbers; consider
the 3,500 Kurdish and Turkish politicians, the 500 students and the
100 journalists who are now in jail.
Yesterday the prime minister made a statement saying that arrested
journalists are not behind bars because of journalism but for their
crimes of sexual harassment or terrorism. As Dink said five ago in his
last article, we journalists are "like frightened doves". One killed,
two imprisoned, myself unemployed - and as Nedim said in his latest
defence statement: "It hurts."
Ece Temelkuran
guardian.co.uk
Friday 27 January 2012 18.33 GMT
A journalist's murder and jailing of two others is an attempt to
silence the media - but it makes me more determined to speak
Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was gunned down outside his
office in Istanbul. Photograph: Mustafa Ozer/AFP/Getty
Including my emotionless "thank you", the phone conversation lasted
less than a minute. "The newspaper's owner has decided... Er... not
to...
renew your contract... I am sorry."
I had already been warned about writing "too much" about two arrested
journalists, and my last two articles - one on the prime minister's
war on journalists, and the other on the rights of the Kurdish people -
were considered controversial. So the conversation was not unexpected.
But then came the readers' uproar on Twitter. Some of my fellow
columnists too protested about the political motives behind my firing -
while government supporters said: "She deserved it!" .
It took me several days to see the bigger picture. But when I did I
realised it was all connected to three lost colleagues: one dead and
two imprisoned and a story that started five years ago.
On 19 January 2007 the Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was shot dead in
broad daylight in front of his office in Istanbul. A man who was just
17 years old at the time of the killing was found guilty of his murder
five years later. Yet from day one it was obvious to those who know the
history of assassinations in Turkey that this was a political killing.
The murder occurred just two days before I was supposed to meet Hrant
to discuss a book he wanted me to write about the Armenian diaspora.
Instead, I raced to the scene and found myself standing outside his
offices in a pool of his blood.
Afterwards I felt deeply guilty for taking the death threats against
him too lightly, making me more determined to write Deep Mountain -
the book he asked for. I didn't know it then, but among the 100,000
people who marched at Hrant's funeral, there were also two others
eager to dedicate their work to him: my friends and colleagues Nedim
Sener and Ahmet Sık.
During the next four years articles in the newspaper Milliyet pointed
to the police's negligence in the case, the intelligence service
concealing evidence, and the fact government departments knew in
advance of a murder plot against Dink.
Yet soon it was the author of these reports, Nedim Sener, who was
arrested. The arrest came three months after publishing his book
The Red Friday - Who broke Dink's Pen?, which brought together his
findings on Dink's case and linked the murderers with the state.
Reporter Ahmet Sık, meanwhile, did not even have time to publish his
book on the same subject before he was arrested, on the same day -
March 3 2011.
Both men have now been in jail for 11 months and are accused of being
members of a terrorist organisation that might have killed Dink. This
is Ergenekon, a clandestine organisation supposedly consisting of
retired generals, journalists and politicians who are said to have
planned a string of high profile assassinations to create chaos and
lay the ground for a military coup.
The indictment in court said their years of journalistic work were
just a cover to hide their real terrorist identity. Open threats
from the prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, against journalists
who continued to cover news about their arrested colleagues led to
protests against their arrests gradually fading away before Nedim
and Ahmet's first hearing months after they were imprisoned.
But on 27 December, despite fearing arrest, Turkey's brave journalists
started tweeting from the trial. The weak evidence made it clear
any one of us reporters could also be arrested and accused of
terrorism; because all that linked Ahmet, Nedim and the Ergenekon
organisation was an infected Word document in their computers, casual
phone conversations and interviews that they carried out for their
respective books. The indictment was so ridiculous that it caused
constant laughter in the court room.
Before their last hearing of 23 January, five years after his murder,
there was a verdict in Dink's case. The court refused to acknowledge
the obvious links between the murderers and the state, leading to a
30,000-person strong demonstration. Three days later, Nedim, during
his defence statement, made it clear he believed he was being kept
in prison as part of the attempt to conceal evidence in Dink's case,
saying: "Actually it is good that I am still in prison when Hrant's
verdict is delivered." Not to mention the government's promotion of
all the officers who have alleged ties with the murder.
Ahmet, an expert on paramilitary organisations, had written a book,
Army of Imam, exploring how the intelligence service had been
infiltrated by the Fethullah Gulen movement - a moderate Islamist
network. "As a socialist," he said in his defence statement, "I find
it condescending to be accused of being a member of militarist,
nationalist terrorist network, Ergenekon." For the fifth time,
Ahmet and Nedim will be forced to defend themselves in court as the
case continues.
The inquiries for Ergenekon started five years ago, and despite
thousands being arrested and imprisoned no verdict has been reached.
According to freedom of speech advocates, the Ergenekon case, along
with the KCK case - against the civil organisation linked to the armed
Kurdish movement PKK - has become a handy tool for the government to
harass the opposition.
Both use an infamous anti-terrorism law to get rid of government
opponents. And a few days before Hrant's verdict the minister of the
interior, Idris Naim Sahin, said: "Terror is a multifaceted phenomenon
that includes psychology and art ... Sometimes it is on canvas,
sometimes in a poem, in daily articles, or even jokes. We know that
terrorist cells might include a university chair, an association or
a NGO."
Thanks to this mentality, Turkey is now ranked the 148th of 179 in
Reporters Without Border's press freedom index - just a bit above
Afghanistan and slipping down constantly. More importantly the silent
fear among journalists is impossible to put into numbers; consider
the 3,500 Kurdish and Turkish politicians, the 500 students and the
100 journalists who are now in jail.
Yesterday the prime minister made a statement saying that arrested
journalists are not behind bars because of journalism but for their
crimes of sexual harassment or terrorism. As Dink said five ago in his
last article, we journalists are "like frightened doves". One killed,
two imprisoned, myself unemployed - and as Nedim said in his latest
defence statement: "It hurts."