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Complete Biography of Garegin Njdeh Published in Yerevan
Azad-Hye special
http://www.azad-hye.net/news/viewnews.asp?newsId=734gjk67
Title: Njdeh
Author: Rafael Hambartsumyan
Price: $55 USD
Publisher: Nakhijevan Press, 2007
520 pages; hardcover
In Armenian.
To order: contact the author at: [email protected]
[image: Garegin Njedh]
Historian and political activist Rafael Hambardzoumian is the author of
the complete biography of Garegin Njdeh (Garegin Nzhdeh, Karekin, Njdeh).
This is the first time that such a large scale attempt has been made to
gather all material related to the national hero, thinker, philosopher and
military leader Garegin Njdeh (Garegin Ter Harutiunian), who has played a
crucial role in the formation and preservation of the Armenian statehood.
Garegin Njdeh was a prominent Armenian military commander who led an
anti-Bolshevik uprising in the southeastern province of Syunik in 1921,
proclaiming there the Republic of Mountainous Armenia (RMA) and
spoiling the Bolsheviks' plans to surrender the region, part of historical
Armenian lands, to neighboring Azerbaijan. After months of fierce battles
with the Red Army, the RMA had to capitulate in July 1921 following Soviet
Russia's promises to keep the mountainous region part of Soviet Armenia.
After losing the battle Garegin Njdeh, his soldiers and many prominent
Armenian intellectuals, including leaders of the first independent Armenian
Republic, crossed the border into neighboring Persia.
Garegin Njdeh was arrested by Soviet troops in Bulgaria in 1945 and
executed for his "anti-Soviet activities," including the alleged
collaboration with Nazi Germany. His ashes were moved to Armenia 20 years
ago from the Russian City of Vladimir. Prime minister Margarian's
Republican party says its ideology is based on Garegin Njdeh's teaching
that has some nationalistic elements.
During Soviet times it was not possible to deal with the legacy of
personalities like Njdeh. The independence of Armenia brought new and much
needed opportunity to analyze Njdeh's works. Rafael Hambardzoumyan pays
special attention to the numerous letters, essays and articles written by
Njdeh during the period of his captivity in Soviet jails.
It is worth mentioning the crucial role that Njdeh played during the
Karakilis
(Garakilise) war against the invading Turkish forces in 1918. The author
gives a complete account on Njdeh's participation in many battles against
the Turks in locations such as Van, Kars, Ararad, Veti, Avshar,
Yegheknavan, etc. He has also played an important role in suppressing the
rebellion of the Tatar (Azeri) population in 1919 in the newly established
Armenian Republic.
A special section in the book describes the significance of the Republic
of Mountainous Armenia which was established by Garegin Njdeh in the
mountainous area of Zangezur (Southern Armenia) after the collapse of the 2
years old Republic of Armenia (1918-1920). The Republic of Mountainous
Armenia (known also as Lernahayastan) has been instrumental in keeping
Zangezur under Armenian control, thus preventing the annexation of that
part of Armenia to invading Azerbaijan, with the result of securing the
Armenian borders with Iran (a fact that is important even today during the
blockage of Turkey and the instable situation in Georgia). Another
importance role of the RMA was to provide exit to the withdrawing Armenian
army, intellectuals and political figures after the February 2001 revolt
against the Soviet rule.
The work of Hambardzoumyan is highly appreciated. It gives an opportunity
to evaluate the life and activities of the national hero Garegin Njdeh. For
the first time it is mentioned that the ideology developed by Njdeh
(Tseghakron
and Taronakan movements) stem directly from the old Armenian doctrines
related to the forefather of the Armenians Haik Nahapet, preserved
through acts like the "Mamikonian Vow", which was a kind of oath
developed during the Armenian Golden Age (Vosketar). Njdeh has provided
the modern version of that national movement. The ideological basis of this
thought has emerged from a combination of patriotism and the Christian
faith.
[image: Complete Biography of Njdeh]By examining numerous documents and
printed sources Hambardzoumyan highlighted the patriotic role of Njdeh in
dealing with the advanced Nazi German forces during a very critical time.
He continued to play important role even after surrendering to the Soviet
authorities. During 11 years of captivity, though subject to physical
threats and pressures he remained uncompromised on his positions and even
envisaged regaining Western Armenian land at a time when Soviet Army was
planning to intervene in Turkey immediately after the WWII.
The author of the book underlines the political and strategic genius of
Garegin Njdeh as one of the most prominent figures of international
strategic and ideological thought in the first half of the 20th century.
Azad-Hye thanks Historian Rafael Hambarzoumyan for this valuable
contribution.
Details of the book:
"Garegin Njdeh: Amboghjakan kensagrowt'iwn" (Garegin Nzhdeh: The Complete
Boigraphy)
Yerevan: Nakhijevan Press, 2007.
520 pages.
21x15 cm.
Hard. ISBN 99930-860-8-8
500 copies.
Price: $55.00.
Weight: 0.9 kg.
In Armenian.
Previous publications by Historian Rafael Hambardzoumyan on the same
subject:
- "Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh], Brief biography, sayings and biographical notes"
("Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh]: Hamarot Kensagrakan, Asoytner Ew
Kensataregrutiwn", January 2003, 209 pages, Nakhijevan Press
- "Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh]: Kensagrakan Hawelumner, Antip Grutiwnner u
Khorhrdatsutiwnner" ("Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh]: Biographical additions,
unpublished writings and thoughts"), January 2005, 498 pages, Nakhijevan
Press.
To order,you can reach Historian Rafael Hambardzoumyan at:
[email protected]
------------------------------
"Haverji Oughin" (The Path of the Eternal): film on Garegin Njdeh
If you would like to display in your community "Haverji Oughin" (The
Path of the Eternal) film on Garegin Njdeh, please complete the request
form and send
it to this e-mail to receive a free copy.
The film is made by Arthur Babyan and Armen Tevanian and its mass
production is sponsored by Vahe Hagopian.
For more information you are invited to contact Arthur Babyan at this
e-mail .
------------------------------
Quotations from Garegin Nzhdeh (1886-1957). Translated by Ara Baliozian
1. The morally depraved can also voice noble principles.
2. Life is constant and endless renewal. Only the morally irresponsible
refuse to understand this.
3. Without renewal, a nation dies every hour, every minute. Our political
parties either don't understand this or they have no desire to understand
it.
4. A nation that fails to do what it can and must do has no right to expect
foreign assistance.
5. Nations that are unwilling to defend their own interests condemn
themselves to death.
6. When dealing with foreign powers and issues, our press adopts a
permissive, forgiving, and subservient tone. With our own internal
problems, however, it becomes arrogant, vindictive, vicious.
7. Life is endless renewal. Where there is no renewal there will be
spiritual paralysis and a slow death.
8. It is the height of ignorance for a political party to think that it can
deny the value of morality in its own conduct and maintain moral integrity
within its ranks.
9. To struggle in defense of what is right is not a calamity but a blessing.
10. Undermining the morality of a nation amounts to undermining its
strength.
------------------------------
Garegin Nzhdeh in Armeniapedia.org
http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Garegin_Njdeh
Garegin Njdeh (Nzhdeh; Armenian: Ô³Õ¡Ö=80Õ¥Õ£Õ«Õ¶ Õ=86ÕªÕ¤Õ¥Õ°, real name: Garegin
Ter-Harutiunian, 1 January 1886 - late 1955) was an Armenian statesman,
military, and political thinker, native of Nakhchivan. A member of the
Dashnak party, he was involved in revolutionary activities in Armenia,
Bulgaria and Russia.
In 1912, together with General Andranik Ozanian he formed an Armenian
battalion to fight against the Turks in the Balkan war. Later, moving back
to Armenia, Njdeh commanded different military units. He played a key role
in organizing the defense of Karakilis (today Vanadzor) in 1918. A
convinced Anti-Bolshevik, he led the defense of Zangezur in 1921. The
movement was marked with the expulsion of region's local Azeri minority.
Following the declaration of independence of Republic of the Mountainous
Armenia from Soviet Armenia, he was proclaimed Prime-Minister and Minister
of Defense. He fled Armenia after the triumph of Bolsheviks, and was
involved in patriotic activities in Iran, Turkey, Bulgaria and United
States.
He visited the United States and Canada, encouraging Armenian communities
that had established themselves there, and founding an Armenian Youth
movement called Tseghakron (Armenian: Õ`Õ¥Õ²Õ¡Õ¯Ö=80Õ¸Õ¶). In 1933, this movement led
to the foundation of the Armenian Youth Federation, the youth organization
of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, in Boston, Massachusetts.
Azad-Hye special
http://www.azad-hye.net/news/viewnews.asp?newsId=734gjk67
Title: Njdeh
Author: Rafael Hambartsumyan
Price: $55 USD
Publisher: Nakhijevan Press, 2007
520 pages; hardcover
In Armenian.
To order: contact the author at: [email protected]
[image: Garegin Njedh]
Historian and political activist Rafael Hambardzoumian is the author of
the complete biography of Garegin Njdeh (Garegin Nzhdeh, Karekin, Njdeh).
This is the first time that such a large scale attempt has been made to
gather all material related to the national hero, thinker, philosopher and
military leader Garegin Njdeh (Garegin Ter Harutiunian), who has played a
crucial role in the formation and preservation of the Armenian statehood.
Garegin Njdeh was a prominent Armenian military commander who led an
anti-Bolshevik uprising in the southeastern province of Syunik in 1921,
proclaiming there the Republic of Mountainous Armenia (RMA) and
spoiling the Bolsheviks' plans to surrender the region, part of historical
Armenian lands, to neighboring Azerbaijan. After months of fierce battles
with the Red Army, the RMA had to capitulate in July 1921 following Soviet
Russia's promises to keep the mountainous region part of Soviet Armenia.
After losing the battle Garegin Njdeh, his soldiers and many prominent
Armenian intellectuals, including leaders of the first independent Armenian
Republic, crossed the border into neighboring Persia.
Garegin Njdeh was arrested by Soviet troops in Bulgaria in 1945 and
executed for his "anti-Soviet activities," including the alleged
collaboration with Nazi Germany. His ashes were moved to Armenia 20 years
ago from the Russian City of Vladimir. Prime minister Margarian's
Republican party says its ideology is based on Garegin Njdeh's teaching
that has some nationalistic elements.
During Soviet times it was not possible to deal with the legacy of
personalities like Njdeh. The independence of Armenia brought new and much
needed opportunity to analyze Njdeh's works. Rafael Hambardzoumyan pays
special attention to the numerous letters, essays and articles written by
Njdeh during the period of his captivity in Soviet jails.
It is worth mentioning the crucial role that Njdeh played during the
Karakilis
(Garakilise) war against the invading Turkish forces in 1918. The author
gives a complete account on Njdeh's participation in many battles against
the Turks in locations such as Van, Kars, Ararad, Veti, Avshar,
Yegheknavan, etc. He has also played an important role in suppressing the
rebellion of the Tatar (Azeri) population in 1919 in the newly established
Armenian Republic.
A special section in the book describes the significance of the Republic
of Mountainous Armenia which was established by Garegin Njdeh in the
mountainous area of Zangezur (Southern Armenia) after the collapse of the 2
years old Republic of Armenia (1918-1920). The Republic of Mountainous
Armenia (known also as Lernahayastan) has been instrumental in keeping
Zangezur under Armenian control, thus preventing the annexation of that
part of Armenia to invading Azerbaijan, with the result of securing the
Armenian borders with Iran (a fact that is important even today during the
blockage of Turkey and the instable situation in Georgia). Another
importance role of the RMA was to provide exit to the withdrawing Armenian
army, intellectuals and political figures after the February 2001 revolt
against the Soviet rule.
The work of Hambardzoumyan is highly appreciated. It gives an opportunity
to evaluate the life and activities of the national hero Garegin Njdeh. For
the first time it is mentioned that the ideology developed by Njdeh
(Tseghakron
and Taronakan movements) stem directly from the old Armenian doctrines
related to the forefather of the Armenians Haik Nahapet, preserved
through acts like the "Mamikonian Vow", which was a kind of oath
developed during the Armenian Golden Age (Vosketar). Njdeh has provided
the modern version of that national movement. The ideological basis of this
thought has emerged from a combination of patriotism and the Christian
faith.
[image: Complete Biography of Njdeh]By examining numerous documents and
printed sources Hambardzoumyan highlighted the patriotic role of Njdeh in
dealing with the advanced Nazi German forces during a very critical time.
He continued to play important role even after surrendering to the Soviet
authorities. During 11 years of captivity, though subject to physical
threats and pressures he remained uncompromised on his positions and even
envisaged regaining Western Armenian land at a time when Soviet Army was
planning to intervene in Turkey immediately after the WWII.
The author of the book underlines the political and strategic genius of
Garegin Njdeh as one of the most prominent figures of international
strategic and ideological thought in the first half of the 20th century.
Azad-Hye thanks Historian Rafael Hambarzoumyan for this valuable
contribution.
Details of the book:
"Garegin Njdeh: Amboghjakan kensagrowt'iwn" (Garegin Nzhdeh: The Complete
Boigraphy)
Yerevan: Nakhijevan Press, 2007.
520 pages.
21x15 cm.
Hard. ISBN 99930-860-8-8
500 copies.
Price: $55.00.
Weight: 0.9 kg.
In Armenian.
Previous publications by Historian Rafael Hambardzoumyan on the same
subject:
- "Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh], Brief biography, sayings and biographical notes"
("Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh]: Hamarot Kensagrakan, Asoytner Ew
Kensataregrutiwn", January 2003, 209 pages, Nakhijevan Press
- "Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh]: Kensagrakan Hawelumner, Antip Grutiwnner u
Khorhrdatsutiwnner" ("Garegin Nzhdeh [Njdeh]: Biographical additions,
unpublished writings and thoughts"), January 2005, 498 pages, Nakhijevan
Press.
To order,you can reach Historian Rafael Hambardzoumyan at:
[email protected]
------------------------------
"Haverji Oughin" (The Path of the Eternal): film on Garegin Njdeh
If you would like to display in your community "Haverji Oughin" (The
Path of the Eternal) film on Garegin Njdeh, please complete the request
form and send
it to this e-mail to receive a free copy.
The film is made by Arthur Babyan and Armen Tevanian and its mass
production is sponsored by Vahe Hagopian.
For more information you are invited to contact Arthur Babyan at this
e-mail .
------------------------------
Quotations from Garegin Nzhdeh (1886-1957). Translated by Ara Baliozian
1. The morally depraved can also voice noble principles.
2. Life is constant and endless renewal. Only the morally irresponsible
refuse to understand this.
3. Without renewal, a nation dies every hour, every minute. Our political
parties either don't understand this or they have no desire to understand
it.
4. A nation that fails to do what it can and must do has no right to expect
foreign assistance.
5. Nations that are unwilling to defend their own interests condemn
themselves to death.
6. When dealing with foreign powers and issues, our press adopts a
permissive, forgiving, and subservient tone. With our own internal
problems, however, it becomes arrogant, vindictive, vicious.
7. Life is endless renewal. Where there is no renewal there will be
spiritual paralysis and a slow death.
8. It is the height of ignorance for a political party to think that it can
deny the value of morality in its own conduct and maintain moral integrity
within its ranks.
9. To struggle in defense of what is right is not a calamity but a blessing.
10. Undermining the morality of a nation amounts to undermining its
strength.
------------------------------
Garegin Nzhdeh in Armeniapedia.org
http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Garegin_Njdeh
Garegin Njdeh (Nzhdeh; Armenian: Ô³Õ¡Ö=80Õ¥Õ£Õ«Õ¶ Õ=86ÕªÕ¤Õ¥Õ°, real name: Garegin
Ter-Harutiunian, 1 January 1886 - late 1955) was an Armenian statesman,
military, and political thinker, native of Nakhchivan. A member of the
Dashnak party, he was involved in revolutionary activities in Armenia,
Bulgaria and Russia.
In 1912, together with General Andranik Ozanian he formed an Armenian
battalion to fight against the Turks in the Balkan war. Later, moving back
to Armenia, Njdeh commanded different military units. He played a key role
in organizing the defense of Karakilis (today Vanadzor) in 1918. A
convinced Anti-Bolshevik, he led the defense of Zangezur in 1921. The
movement was marked with the expulsion of region's local Azeri minority.
Following the declaration of independence of Republic of the Mountainous
Armenia from Soviet Armenia, he was proclaimed Prime-Minister and Minister
of Defense. He fled Armenia after the triumph of Bolsheviks, and was
involved in patriotic activities in Iran, Turkey, Bulgaria and United
States.
He visited the United States and Canada, encouraging Armenian communities
that had established themselves there, and founding an Armenian Youth
movement called Tseghakron (Armenian: Õ`Õ¥Õ²Õ¡Õ¯Ö=80Õ¸Õ¶). In 1933, this movement led
to the foundation of the Armenian Youth Federation, the youth organization
of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, in Boston, Massachusetts.