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ANCIENT LANGUAGES RECONSTRUCTED BY COMPUTER PROGRAM
TERT.AM
17:47 ~U 12.02.13
A new tool has been developed that can reconstruct long-dead languages.
Researchers have created software that can rebuild protolanguages - the
ancient tongues from which our modern languages evolved, BBC reports.
To test the system, the team took 637 languages currently spoken
in Asia and the Pacific and recreated the early language from which
they descended.
The work is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Science.
Currently language reconstructions are carried out by linguists -
but the process is slow and labour-intensive.
Dan Klein, an associate professor at the University of California,
Berkeley, said: "It's very time consuming for humans to look at all
the data. There are thousands of languages in the world, with thousands
of words each, not to mention all of those languages' ancestors.
"It would take hundreds of lifetimes to pore over all those languages,
cross-referencing all the different changes that happened across such
an expanse of space - and of time. But this is where computers shine."
Languages change gradually over time.
Over thousands of years, tiny variations in the way that we produce
sounds have meant that early languages have morphed into many different
descendents.
Dr Klein explains: "These sound changes are almost always regular,
with similar words changing in similar ways, so patterns are left
that a human or a computer can find.
"The trick is to identify these patterns of change and then to
'reverse' them, basically evolving words backwards in time."
The scientists demonstrated their system by looking at a group of
Austronesian languages that are currently spoken in southeast Asia,
parts of continental Asia and the Pacific.
>>From a database of 142,000 words, the system was able to recreate
the early language from which these modern tongues derived. The
scientists believe it would have been spoken about 7,000 years ago.
They then compared the computer's findings to those of linguists,
finding that 85% of the early words that the software presented were
within one "character" - or sound - of the words that the language
experts had identified.
But while the computerised method was much faster, the scientists
said it would not put the experts out of a job.
The software can churn through large amounts of data quickly, but it
does not bring the same degree of accuracy as a linguist's expertise.
Dr Klein said: "Our system still has shortcomings. For example, it
can't handle morphological changes or re-duplications - how a word like
'cat' becomes 'kitty-cat'.
"At a much deeper level, our system doesn't explain why or how certain
changes happened, only that they probably did happen."
While researchers are able to reconstruct languages that date back
thousands of years, there is still a question mark over whether it
would ever be possible to go even further back to recreate the very
first protolanguage from which all others evolved.
TERT.AM
17:47 ~U 12.02.13
A new tool has been developed that can reconstruct long-dead languages.
Researchers have created software that can rebuild protolanguages - the
ancient tongues from which our modern languages evolved, BBC reports.
To test the system, the team took 637 languages currently spoken
in Asia and the Pacific and recreated the early language from which
they descended.
The work is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Science.
Currently language reconstructions are carried out by linguists -
but the process is slow and labour-intensive.
Dan Klein, an associate professor at the University of California,
Berkeley, said: "It's very time consuming for humans to look at all
the data. There are thousands of languages in the world, with thousands
of words each, not to mention all of those languages' ancestors.
"It would take hundreds of lifetimes to pore over all those languages,
cross-referencing all the different changes that happened across such
an expanse of space - and of time. But this is where computers shine."
Languages change gradually over time.
Over thousands of years, tiny variations in the way that we produce
sounds have meant that early languages have morphed into many different
descendents.
Dr Klein explains: "These sound changes are almost always regular,
with similar words changing in similar ways, so patterns are left
that a human or a computer can find.
"The trick is to identify these patterns of change and then to
'reverse' them, basically evolving words backwards in time."
The scientists demonstrated their system by looking at a group of
Austronesian languages that are currently spoken in southeast Asia,
parts of continental Asia and the Pacific.
>>From a database of 142,000 words, the system was able to recreate
the early language from which these modern tongues derived. The
scientists believe it would have been spoken about 7,000 years ago.
They then compared the computer's findings to those of linguists,
finding that 85% of the early words that the software presented were
within one "character" - or sound - of the words that the language
experts had identified.
But while the computerised method was much faster, the scientists
said it would not put the experts out of a job.
The software can churn through large amounts of data quickly, but it
does not bring the same degree of accuracy as a linguist's expertise.
Dr Klein said: "Our system still has shortcomings. For example, it
can't handle morphological changes or re-duplications - how a word like
'cat' becomes 'kitty-cat'.
"At a much deeper level, our system doesn't explain why or how certain
changes happened, only that they probably did happen."
While researchers are able to reconstruct languages that date back
thousands of years, there is still a question mark over whether it
would ever be possible to go even further back to recreate the very
first protolanguage from which all others evolved.