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PRESS RELEASE
Date: January 30, 2015
ARMENIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE
Contact: Press Office
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (202) 383-9009
NEW EXHIBIT `The First Deportation: The German Railroad, the American
Hospital, and the Armenian Genocide' RELEASED BY ANI, AGMA & Assembly
A Digital Exhibit Based on United States National Archives Photographs
Washington, DC - A third digital exhibit on the Armenian Genocide
consisting of 128 images on 24 panels entitled "The First Deportation: The
German Railroad, the American Hospital, and the Armenian Genocide" was
released today by the Armenian National Institute (ANI), Armenian Genocide
Museum of America (AGMA) and Armenian Assembly of America (Assembly).
Available on the ANI, AGMA, and Assembly websites, the exhibit focuses on
two localities, Zeytun, an Armenian city in the Taurus Mountains, and
Konya, a Turkish city in the central Anatolian plain, both linked by the
Armenian Genocide.
The remote and self-sustaining city of Zeytun was the first Armenian
community in Ottoman Turkey deported en masse in April 1915. To deprive the
Zeytun Armenians of any capacity to defy the deportation edicts, the Young
Turk government divided its population sending one part east toward the
Syrian Desert and another part west to the barren flats of the Konya Plain.
By this fate, the Zeytun deportees were routed down from their mountain
homes through the nearby city of Marash and the Cilician Plain and back up
through the high passes of the Cilician Gates of the Taurus Range, the only
accessible road from Cilicia to Anatolia. This route also placed them along
the Berlin-Bagdad rail line then under construction through those very same
passes.
By intersecting that rail line, Zeytun Armenians soon found themselves
among the rest of the Armenian population of western Anatolia being
deported east by train to the main terminus at Konya and substations
beyond, where they were offloaded from cattle cars to walk down the
mountain passes, while work crews led by German and Swiss engineers were
cutting open new roads and tunnels to complete the construction of the rail
system.
There also happened to be an American hospital in Konya manned by three
outstanding figures who soon found themselves in the midst of hundreds of
thousands of Armenian deportees and as such became witnesses to the
unfolding of the Armenian Genocide. The station at Konya was supposed to
serve only as a transit camp, but with all of the Armenians of western and
central Anatolia routed through the city, the open spaces beyond the
station transformed into a vast concentration camp. Because Konya was never
intended to exist as a destination camp and was evacuated within a short
time, it has been forgotten as a major site in the trail of deportation and
the central object of what transpired there overlooked. It was evident to
all observers in the city how rapidly the Ottoman Turkish government
reduced an industrious and prosperous people to misery. In Konya it was
already visible that all it took was a matter of days, not even weeks.
The testimony provided by Dr. Wilfred Post and Dr. William Dodd, and the
efforts of Miss Emma Cushman, all three American medical missionaries,
provide compelling information about the rapidly deteriorating conditions
along the rail line and the start of the process of extinguishing Armenian
life across the region. Their information is paralleled by the protests of
German civilians in the same area who sharply criticized the Ottoman
authorities and raised questions with their own government about the
morality of German wartime policies.
More compelling still were the photographs taken by Dr. Wilfred Post and
the German railroad engineers that documented the wartime reality on this
particular swath of Ottoman territory. While as wartime allies of the
Turks, Germans enjoyed a certain amount of liberty in their actions, Dr.
Post took a serious risk in defying the ban on photographing the Armenians.
Retrieved from the United States National Archives, the entire set of
photographs taken by Dr. Wilfred Post are being issued for the first time
in this exhibit. They constitute the central evidence around which the
entire exhibit is constructed.
Dr. Post captioned the photographs, and succeeded in delivering them to the
American Embassy in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital, from where they
were sent by diplomatic pouch to Washington, DC. They might have been the
very first images of the Armenian Genocide to arrive into the hands of U.S.
officials. In this regard, the historic value of Dr. Post's photographs are
matched only by those taken by U.S. consul Leslie Davis who documented the
Armenian Genocide in the region of Harput/Kharpert.
Because of the numbers of Armenians being deported and the pace at which
the western Anatolian cities were emptied of their Armenian inhabitants,
the Konya train station became a choke point in the deportation process.
Vast concentration camps of homeless Armenian families soon formed along
the tracks. The brutality of the process, the complete lack of sanitation,
and the absence of sources of food very rapidly created an explosive
situation threatening the spread of epidemics. Thousands of Armenians never
made it beyond the stations of the Konya line and conditions in the refugee
camps were so foul and violent that a train conductor is quoted by Dr. Dodd
describing the Bozanti station as "hell on earth."
Consisting of 121 images, 7 maps, and containing a rich variety of
eyewitness testimony, the exhibit reconstructs Armenian life in Zeytun,
reproduces the two rare photographs showing the arrest of the Zeytun men,
outlines the deportation route to the degree that contemporary photographs
allow, depicts the city of Konya, showing the contrast between the rugged
mountains in which Zeytun Armenians were accustomed to living and the flat,
arid, and sparsely populated plain of Konya.
The exhibit includes previously unpublished photographs of Zeytun,
reproduces newly released images from German sources, and, in addition to
the United States National Archives material, presents images from the
Australian War Memorial; University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England,
Gertrude Bell Archives; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Kelsey Museum;
Mennonite Church USA Archives; the Armenian Missionary Association of
America and the Haigazian University Archives of Beirut, Lebanon; Library
of Congress; Republic of Armenia National Archives; as well as online
resources and private individuals.
ANI especially recognizes the historian Aram Arkun whose close study of
documentary sources addressed the complex situation surrounding the
denouement in Zeytun and who served as project consultant for the exhibit.
ANI also thanks Gunter Hartnagel, a professional photographer, who provided
valuable guidance on German historical images, and whose researches in
historical geography helped understand the terrain that was covered by the
Zeytun deportees and appreciate the hardships endured by those who trudged
through the mountains of Cilicia at the point of a bayonet.
The location of Konya on the train line also helped to document the
post-war situation in the city. Accompanying a U.S. aid mission and relief
workers, the American photographer George Robert Swain recorded the efforts
of Miss Cushman to create a safe haven for surviving Armenian orphans. In
so doing Swain added another layer of documentation about the fate of the
Armenian population and helped create, in sum with Dr. Post's pictures, one
of the more comprehensive photographic records of a single location so
directly impacted by the Armenian Genocide.
The final demise of the Armenians of Konya was sealed with the fate of Dr.
Armenag Haigazian who, as a highly-regarded educator, embodied the Armenian
Protestant community's hope of recovery. He had survived the war years and
the violence of the Young Turk regime, but his restoration of the Apostolic
Institute made him the target of the Turkish Nationalist movement, which
saw to the shuttering of the school and the second exile and persecution of
Dr. Haigazian. World War I may have ended and the Young Turk government
overthrown, but the Armenian Genocide in Turkey continued, making the death
of Dr. Haigazian a most poignant tragedy, especially as he famously held a
doctorate from Yale University.
This third digital exhibit continues and builds upon the themes developed
in the exhibits released earlier, including the role and fate of Armenian
clergy, churches and schools, the role of American missionaries and relief
workers, and the role of Germans in Ottoman Turkey, while distinguishing
between the attitudes of civilian, military, and diplomatic representatives.
The exhibit highlights the unsolvable dilemma faced by the Armenian
Catholicos of Cilicia Sahag II Khabayan, who, unaware of the broader scheme
about to be implemented by the Young Turk regime, advised the Zeytun
population to cooperate with the authorities in the hope of avoiding a
repetition of the Cilician massacres that spread terror across the region a
mere six years earlier. The acts and observations of other clergymen,
including Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople Zaven Der Yeghiayan, his
successor Archbishop Mesrob Naroyan, Archbishop Stepannos Hovagimian of
Ismit, Grigoris Balakian, and Reverend William Peet, are also explained as
part of the testimony on this specific aspect of the Armenian Genocide.
The exhibit also highlights the role of an exceptional Ottoman official,
who, as governor of Aleppo and of Konya, opposed the measures of the Young
Turk radicals. Jelal Bey was the highest ranking administrator in the
Ottoman Empire who disapproved of the policies of the triumvirate ruling
from Constantinople. A number of lower ranking officials who disagreed with
the regime were killed by Young Turk party henchmen. Opposing the Young
Turk regime required courage, and Jelal placed his life in jeopardy. He
may have been spared only because of his stature and lifelong service to
the state.
The exhibit also reveals the involvement of a German diplomat, who as an
embassy councilor in Constantinople played a role in maintaining
German-Turkish relations, and as such became among the recipients of the
flow of information being reported about the implementation of the Armenian
Genocide. A lesser official at the time, Konstantin von Neurath rose
through the ranks eventually to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs in
Nazi Germany and as governor of occupied Czechoslovakia, where Reinhard
Heydrich, one of the architects of the Holocaust, served as his deputy.
The exhibit concludes with testimony from Dr. Charles Mahjoubian, a native
of Konya who resettled in Philadelphia and entered the profession of
dentistry. As a survivor, he committed himself to testifying to the events
he witnessed in his hometown. He pointed with pride to his birthplace as
one of the earliest centers of Christianity, dating to St. Paul preaching
in Iconium (ancient name of Konya), and as a center of Turkish Islam where
religious piety restrained the hand of the local population, in sharp
relief to the political fanaticism of the Young Turk regime and the
brutality of its associates. According to Mahjoubian, by a strict reading
of the banishment legislation, Jelal Bey succeeded for a brief while in
delaying the deportation of Catholic and Protestant Armenians.
`The First Deportation: the German Railway, the American Hospital, and the
Armenian Genocide' strengthens and clarifies the photographic documentation
of the Armenian Genocide in a manner consistent and supportive of third
party records, eyewitness accounts and survivor testimony. It expands the
scope of the evidence and attests to the horrors that unfolded in 1915.
`It did not escape contemporaries that there were immediate lessons to be
drawn from the example of Zeytun,' observed Van Z. Krikorian, ANI chairman.
`Other communities grasped the methods by which the Young Turk regime
pressurized local politics and aggravated relations among religious and
ethnic groups in order to create conditions to justify the wholesale
depopulation of Armenian towns and cities. Reverend Ephraim Jernazian drew
a direct connection between the failure of the Zeytun Armenians to stand
their ground and the heroic defense of their neighborhood by Urfa
Armenians. Hopeless as their actions might have been at the time, the
Armenians of Urfa made the point that they would not be submitting to
tyranny willingly, nor give up their lives easily to help fulfill the
violent designs of the Young Turks.'
`The clarity of that lesson from the past resonates today with the
necessary defense of Nagorno Karabakh where Armenians yet again a century
later face another enemy whose objective remains their expulsion from their
homeland. The commitment of the Armenians of Artsakh to avoid the fate of
the Western Armenian population was inspired by the tragedies of the
Armenian Genocide and the pledge of survivors to avoid a repeat of such a
calamity,' concluded Krikorian. `I want to thank Rouben Adalian for
uncovering these valuable records on the Armenian Genocide, and Joe Piatt
and Aline Maksoudian for working with Dr. Adalian in creating this
impressive exhibit,' Krikorian added.
`Relief workers, educators, missionaries, orphanage administrators, and
other volunteers from the United States played a massive role in relieving
the plight of the survivors,' stated ANI Director, Dr. Rouben Adalian.
`Many of the longtime American residents of Turkey also witnessed and
reported the deportations and massacres of 1915. Because of the remoteness
of Konya from the other major centers of the Armenian Genocide, Dr. Wilfred
Post, Dr. William Dodd, and Miss Emma Cushman may not have been extended
the recognition they deserve. The compelling evidence of this exhibit now
ranks them among the heroic Americans who helped save lives during the
Armenian Genocide.'
As with the exhibits previously released jointly by ANI, AGMA, and the
Assembly, titled Witness to the Armenian Genocide: Photographs by the
Perpetrators' German and Austro-Hungarian Allies, and The First Refuge
and the Last Defense: The Armenian Church, Etchmiadzin, and The Armenian
Genocide, "The First Deportation: The German Railroad, the American
Hospital, and the Armenian Genocide," is also being issued in digital
format for worldwide distribution free of charge on the occasion of the
centennial of the Armenian Genocide.
The digital exhibit "The First Deportation: The German Railroad, The
American Hospital, & The Armenian Genocide" is available online here:
http://www.aaainc.org/fileadmin/aaainc/THE%20FIRST%20DEPORTATION.pdf
Founded in 1997, the Armenian National Institute (ANI) is a 501(c)(3)
educational charity based in Washington, DC, and is dedicated to the study,
research, and affirmation of the Armenian Genocide.
###
NR# 2014-03
Photo Caption 1: Teaching Staff of the Apostolic Institute in Konya.
Photo Caption 2: Ottoman Minister of War Enver at rail station in Taurus
Mountains.
Photo Caption 3: American Hospital in Konya.
Available online at: http://bit.ly/1BXm7tg
Date: January 30, 2015
ARMENIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE
Contact: Press Office
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (202) 383-9009
NEW EXHIBIT `The First Deportation: The German Railroad, the American
Hospital, and the Armenian Genocide' RELEASED BY ANI, AGMA & Assembly
A Digital Exhibit Based on United States National Archives Photographs
Washington, DC - A third digital exhibit on the Armenian Genocide
consisting of 128 images on 24 panels entitled "The First Deportation: The
German Railroad, the American Hospital, and the Armenian Genocide" was
released today by the Armenian National Institute (ANI), Armenian Genocide
Museum of America (AGMA) and Armenian Assembly of America (Assembly).
Available on the ANI, AGMA, and Assembly websites, the exhibit focuses on
two localities, Zeytun, an Armenian city in the Taurus Mountains, and
Konya, a Turkish city in the central Anatolian plain, both linked by the
Armenian Genocide.
The remote and self-sustaining city of Zeytun was the first Armenian
community in Ottoman Turkey deported en masse in April 1915. To deprive the
Zeytun Armenians of any capacity to defy the deportation edicts, the Young
Turk government divided its population sending one part east toward the
Syrian Desert and another part west to the barren flats of the Konya Plain.
By this fate, the Zeytun deportees were routed down from their mountain
homes through the nearby city of Marash and the Cilician Plain and back up
through the high passes of the Cilician Gates of the Taurus Range, the only
accessible road from Cilicia to Anatolia. This route also placed them along
the Berlin-Bagdad rail line then under construction through those very same
passes.
By intersecting that rail line, Zeytun Armenians soon found themselves
among the rest of the Armenian population of western Anatolia being
deported east by train to the main terminus at Konya and substations
beyond, where they were offloaded from cattle cars to walk down the
mountain passes, while work crews led by German and Swiss engineers were
cutting open new roads and tunnels to complete the construction of the rail
system.
There also happened to be an American hospital in Konya manned by three
outstanding figures who soon found themselves in the midst of hundreds of
thousands of Armenian deportees and as such became witnesses to the
unfolding of the Armenian Genocide. The station at Konya was supposed to
serve only as a transit camp, but with all of the Armenians of western and
central Anatolia routed through the city, the open spaces beyond the
station transformed into a vast concentration camp. Because Konya was never
intended to exist as a destination camp and was evacuated within a short
time, it has been forgotten as a major site in the trail of deportation and
the central object of what transpired there overlooked. It was evident to
all observers in the city how rapidly the Ottoman Turkish government
reduced an industrious and prosperous people to misery. In Konya it was
already visible that all it took was a matter of days, not even weeks.
The testimony provided by Dr. Wilfred Post and Dr. William Dodd, and the
efforts of Miss Emma Cushman, all three American medical missionaries,
provide compelling information about the rapidly deteriorating conditions
along the rail line and the start of the process of extinguishing Armenian
life across the region. Their information is paralleled by the protests of
German civilians in the same area who sharply criticized the Ottoman
authorities and raised questions with their own government about the
morality of German wartime policies.
More compelling still were the photographs taken by Dr. Wilfred Post and
the German railroad engineers that documented the wartime reality on this
particular swath of Ottoman territory. While as wartime allies of the
Turks, Germans enjoyed a certain amount of liberty in their actions, Dr.
Post took a serious risk in defying the ban on photographing the Armenians.
Retrieved from the United States National Archives, the entire set of
photographs taken by Dr. Wilfred Post are being issued for the first time
in this exhibit. They constitute the central evidence around which the
entire exhibit is constructed.
Dr. Post captioned the photographs, and succeeded in delivering them to the
American Embassy in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital, from where they
were sent by diplomatic pouch to Washington, DC. They might have been the
very first images of the Armenian Genocide to arrive into the hands of U.S.
officials. In this regard, the historic value of Dr. Post's photographs are
matched only by those taken by U.S. consul Leslie Davis who documented the
Armenian Genocide in the region of Harput/Kharpert.
Because of the numbers of Armenians being deported and the pace at which
the western Anatolian cities were emptied of their Armenian inhabitants,
the Konya train station became a choke point in the deportation process.
Vast concentration camps of homeless Armenian families soon formed along
the tracks. The brutality of the process, the complete lack of sanitation,
and the absence of sources of food very rapidly created an explosive
situation threatening the spread of epidemics. Thousands of Armenians never
made it beyond the stations of the Konya line and conditions in the refugee
camps were so foul and violent that a train conductor is quoted by Dr. Dodd
describing the Bozanti station as "hell on earth."
Consisting of 121 images, 7 maps, and containing a rich variety of
eyewitness testimony, the exhibit reconstructs Armenian life in Zeytun,
reproduces the two rare photographs showing the arrest of the Zeytun men,
outlines the deportation route to the degree that contemporary photographs
allow, depicts the city of Konya, showing the contrast between the rugged
mountains in which Zeytun Armenians were accustomed to living and the flat,
arid, and sparsely populated plain of Konya.
The exhibit includes previously unpublished photographs of Zeytun,
reproduces newly released images from German sources, and, in addition to
the United States National Archives material, presents images from the
Australian War Memorial; University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England,
Gertrude Bell Archives; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Kelsey Museum;
Mennonite Church USA Archives; the Armenian Missionary Association of
America and the Haigazian University Archives of Beirut, Lebanon; Library
of Congress; Republic of Armenia National Archives; as well as online
resources and private individuals.
ANI especially recognizes the historian Aram Arkun whose close study of
documentary sources addressed the complex situation surrounding the
denouement in Zeytun and who served as project consultant for the exhibit.
ANI also thanks Gunter Hartnagel, a professional photographer, who provided
valuable guidance on German historical images, and whose researches in
historical geography helped understand the terrain that was covered by the
Zeytun deportees and appreciate the hardships endured by those who trudged
through the mountains of Cilicia at the point of a bayonet.
The location of Konya on the train line also helped to document the
post-war situation in the city. Accompanying a U.S. aid mission and relief
workers, the American photographer George Robert Swain recorded the efforts
of Miss Cushman to create a safe haven for surviving Armenian orphans. In
so doing Swain added another layer of documentation about the fate of the
Armenian population and helped create, in sum with Dr. Post's pictures, one
of the more comprehensive photographic records of a single location so
directly impacted by the Armenian Genocide.
The final demise of the Armenians of Konya was sealed with the fate of Dr.
Armenag Haigazian who, as a highly-regarded educator, embodied the Armenian
Protestant community's hope of recovery. He had survived the war years and
the violence of the Young Turk regime, but his restoration of the Apostolic
Institute made him the target of the Turkish Nationalist movement, which
saw to the shuttering of the school and the second exile and persecution of
Dr. Haigazian. World War I may have ended and the Young Turk government
overthrown, but the Armenian Genocide in Turkey continued, making the death
of Dr. Haigazian a most poignant tragedy, especially as he famously held a
doctorate from Yale University.
This third digital exhibit continues and builds upon the themes developed
in the exhibits released earlier, including the role and fate of Armenian
clergy, churches and schools, the role of American missionaries and relief
workers, and the role of Germans in Ottoman Turkey, while distinguishing
between the attitudes of civilian, military, and diplomatic representatives.
The exhibit highlights the unsolvable dilemma faced by the Armenian
Catholicos of Cilicia Sahag II Khabayan, who, unaware of the broader scheme
about to be implemented by the Young Turk regime, advised the Zeytun
population to cooperate with the authorities in the hope of avoiding a
repetition of the Cilician massacres that spread terror across the region a
mere six years earlier. The acts and observations of other clergymen,
including Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople Zaven Der Yeghiayan, his
successor Archbishop Mesrob Naroyan, Archbishop Stepannos Hovagimian of
Ismit, Grigoris Balakian, and Reverend William Peet, are also explained as
part of the testimony on this specific aspect of the Armenian Genocide.
The exhibit also highlights the role of an exceptional Ottoman official,
who, as governor of Aleppo and of Konya, opposed the measures of the Young
Turk radicals. Jelal Bey was the highest ranking administrator in the
Ottoman Empire who disapproved of the policies of the triumvirate ruling
from Constantinople. A number of lower ranking officials who disagreed with
the regime were killed by Young Turk party henchmen. Opposing the Young
Turk regime required courage, and Jelal placed his life in jeopardy. He
may have been spared only because of his stature and lifelong service to
the state.
The exhibit also reveals the involvement of a German diplomat, who as an
embassy councilor in Constantinople played a role in maintaining
German-Turkish relations, and as such became among the recipients of the
flow of information being reported about the implementation of the Armenian
Genocide. A lesser official at the time, Konstantin von Neurath rose
through the ranks eventually to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs in
Nazi Germany and as governor of occupied Czechoslovakia, where Reinhard
Heydrich, one of the architects of the Holocaust, served as his deputy.
The exhibit concludes with testimony from Dr. Charles Mahjoubian, a native
of Konya who resettled in Philadelphia and entered the profession of
dentistry. As a survivor, he committed himself to testifying to the events
he witnessed in his hometown. He pointed with pride to his birthplace as
one of the earliest centers of Christianity, dating to St. Paul preaching
in Iconium (ancient name of Konya), and as a center of Turkish Islam where
religious piety restrained the hand of the local population, in sharp
relief to the political fanaticism of the Young Turk regime and the
brutality of its associates. According to Mahjoubian, by a strict reading
of the banishment legislation, Jelal Bey succeeded for a brief while in
delaying the deportation of Catholic and Protestant Armenians.
`The First Deportation: the German Railway, the American Hospital, and the
Armenian Genocide' strengthens and clarifies the photographic documentation
of the Armenian Genocide in a manner consistent and supportive of third
party records, eyewitness accounts and survivor testimony. It expands the
scope of the evidence and attests to the horrors that unfolded in 1915.
`It did not escape contemporaries that there were immediate lessons to be
drawn from the example of Zeytun,' observed Van Z. Krikorian, ANI chairman.
`Other communities grasped the methods by which the Young Turk regime
pressurized local politics and aggravated relations among religious and
ethnic groups in order to create conditions to justify the wholesale
depopulation of Armenian towns and cities. Reverend Ephraim Jernazian drew
a direct connection between the failure of the Zeytun Armenians to stand
their ground and the heroic defense of their neighborhood by Urfa
Armenians. Hopeless as their actions might have been at the time, the
Armenians of Urfa made the point that they would not be submitting to
tyranny willingly, nor give up their lives easily to help fulfill the
violent designs of the Young Turks.'
`The clarity of that lesson from the past resonates today with the
necessary defense of Nagorno Karabakh where Armenians yet again a century
later face another enemy whose objective remains their expulsion from their
homeland. The commitment of the Armenians of Artsakh to avoid the fate of
the Western Armenian population was inspired by the tragedies of the
Armenian Genocide and the pledge of survivors to avoid a repeat of such a
calamity,' concluded Krikorian. `I want to thank Rouben Adalian for
uncovering these valuable records on the Armenian Genocide, and Joe Piatt
and Aline Maksoudian for working with Dr. Adalian in creating this
impressive exhibit,' Krikorian added.
`Relief workers, educators, missionaries, orphanage administrators, and
other volunteers from the United States played a massive role in relieving
the plight of the survivors,' stated ANI Director, Dr. Rouben Adalian.
`Many of the longtime American residents of Turkey also witnessed and
reported the deportations and massacres of 1915. Because of the remoteness
of Konya from the other major centers of the Armenian Genocide, Dr. Wilfred
Post, Dr. William Dodd, and Miss Emma Cushman may not have been extended
the recognition they deserve. The compelling evidence of this exhibit now
ranks them among the heroic Americans who helped save lives during the
Armenian Genocide.'
As with the exhibits previously released jointly by ANI, AGMA, and the
Assembly, titled Witness to the Armenian Genocide: Photographs by the
Perpetrators' German and Austro-Hungarian Allies, and The First Refuge
and the Last Defense: The Armenian Church, Etchmiadzin, and The Armenian
Genocide, "The First Deportation: The German Railroad, the American
Hospital, and the Armenian Genocide," is also being issued in digital
format for worldwide distribution free of charge on the occasion of the
centennial of the Armenian Genocide.
The digital exhibit "The First Deportation: The German Railroad, The
American Hospital, & The Armenian Genocide" is available online here:
http://www.aaainc.org/fileadmin/aaainc/THE%20FIRST%20DEPORTATION.pdf
Founded in 1997, the Armenian National Institute (ANI) is a 501(c)(3)
educational charity based in Washington, DC, and is dedicated to the study,
research, and affirmation of the Armenian Genocide.
###
NR# 2014-03
Photo Caption 1: Teaching Staff of the Apostolic Institute in Konya.
Photo Caption 2: Ottoman Minister of War Enver at rail station in Taurus
Mountains.
Photo Caption 3: American Hospital in Konya.
Available online at: http://bit.ly/1BXm7tg